When senior figures in the human rights and humanitarian sector publicly and privately model the attitudes documented in this submission, they do more than express personal views. They set institutional tone, confer legitimacy on those below them, and signal to staff, funders, media, and the public what the sector values, who it protects—and how it is permissible to speak about Jews

In May 2025, Natalie Roberts, executive director of MSF UK, responded to news that MSF was receiving a donation from Irish rap group Kneecap with a heart and raised fist emoji—widely recognized as a sign of solidarity and resistance. At the time, a band member stood charged under the UK Terrorism Act for displaying a Hezbollah flag at a concert while shouting “Up Hamas, Up Hezbollah”—both designated terrorist organizations—and the band had projected “F*** Israel” at Coachella

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